Clonazepam belongs to a group of medicines called benzodiazepines.

It’s used to control seizures or fits due to epilepsy, involuntary muscle spasms, panic disorder and sometimes restless legs syndrome.

It works by increasing the levels of a calming chemical in your brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This can relieve anxiety, stop seizures and fits or relax tense muscles.

Clonazepam is available on prescription only. It comes as tablets and as a liquid that you swallow.

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• If you’re taking clonazepam for seizures or muscle spasms, your dose will be increased gradually and it might take up to a week to work fully. For panic disorder and restless legs syndrome, clonazepam should take around 1 hour to start working.
• The most common side effect of clonazepam is feeling sleepy (drowsy) during the daytime. Do not drive or ride a bike if this happens to you.
• It’s possible to get addicted to clonazepam, but it’s not likely to be addictive if you take it for a short time (2 to 4 weeks).
• If you take clonazepam for more than 2 to 4 weeks, your dose will need to be reduced gradually before you stop taking it.
• Do not drink alcohol while taking clonazepam. There’s a risk you can sleep very deeply and you may have trouble waking up.

Dosage and strength

Clonazepam tablets come in strengths of 0.5mg, 1mg or 2mg. The liquid contains either 0.5mg or 2mg in 5ml.

If you’re taking it for epilepsy or muscle spasms you’ll usually start on a low dose and gradually increase it over 2 to 4 weeks until your doctor thinks the dose is right for you.

Your doctor will tell you if you need to take clonazepam in 1 dose or split your dose so you take it up to 3 times each day. Ask a doctor or pharmacist if you’re not sure how to take it.

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The usual dose for:

• epilepsy in adults – 1mg taken at night as the starting dose, increasing to 4mg to 8mg over 2 to 4 weeks
• epilepsy in children – the dose varies depending on their age. It will be increased gradually over 2 to 4 weeks
• involuntary muscle spasms in adults – 1mg taken at night as the starting dose, increasing to 4mg to 8mg over 2 to 4 weeks
• panic disorder – 1mg to 2mg each day
• restless legs syndrome – 500 micrograms to 2mg each day

If you’re older than 65 or have kidney, liver or severe breathing problems, your doctor may recommend a lower dose.